People with obesity and diabetes seem to have fewer bacteria that produce butyrate, which suggests a link between the lack of butyrate and the pathologies behind these conditions. Other examples include bacteria-transformed bile acids, amino acids, neurotransmitters, vitamins, and more. Here are some of the metabolic processes directly and indirectly regulated by these microbial metabolites.
There’s nothing wrong with pressing vegetables into a patty, but check the label. The standard supermarket veggie burger is often a blend of fillers such as wheat gluten, vegetable oil and chemicals. Long-term laxative use, even the herbal kind, can interfere with intestinal nerve function, the Cleveland Clinic notes. Of particular concern is an herb called senna, which irritates the bowel walls and can cause liver damage. Emulsifiers found in shelf-stable supermarket breads may cause damage to the walls of the gut, and many “wheat†breads aren’t whole grain. Look for “100% whole wheat†bread with a minimum of chemical additives.
Doctors will use advanced tests that are more comprehensive than the stool sample routinely done at offices to simply look for blood or infection, she explains. These gut microbiome tests give doctors an insight into whether you have inflammation in the digestive tract, which can indicate autoimmune issues. More studies will enable continued explorations into the links between our body’s gut microbes and overall healthy aging, especially the role of diet and physical activity. Millions of symbiotic and pathogenic microorganisms known as microbiota colonize the host body. The microbiome plays an important role in human health and colonizes hundreds of different species of multicellular organisms so that they are introduced as the metaorganisms. Changes in the microbial population of the gut microbiome may cause resistance to pathogenic bacteria-induced infection.
Having an optimally functioning digestive system that supports your brain and emotional state requires a big-picture approach. Fortunately, taking a big-picture approach to gut health doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Simply making a few easy-to-implement lifestyle tweaks can drastically improve the health of your gut microbiome. Eating a high-fiber diet with fermented foods can support a healthy gut microbiome. Several studies have shown that people with MS have gut dysbiosis.
At the forefront of how your gut microbiome determines whether or not you’ll deal with various illnesses is inflammation. Recent trials have demonstrated that specific probiotics can alter brain connectivity in healthy individuals. Dr. Premysl Bercik shares evidence of the gut microbiota’s role in the gut-brain axis. Studies in both human and animal models have shown an interesting link between a metabolite called trimethylamine N-oxide and poor cardiovascular outcomes. Metabolized in the gut, TMAO is also elevated in some patients with chronic kidney disease , a common comorbidity of CVD, T2D, and other chronic cardiometabolic conditions.
It’s estimated that short-chain fatty acids may even account for about 10% of your caloric intake. Quite a few studies have found that probiotics likely reduce the chances of experiencing diarrhea and duration of diarrhea is reduced. Some say that probiotics do this by repopulating the good parts of the microbiome and bringing it back into a good balance. A human gut microbial gene catalog established by metagenomic sequencing. Your microbes also stop the growth of pathogens in your gut. They do this by competing for the space, maintaining the health of the intestinal barrier, and by producing molecules that kill invading pathogens.
It’s a bustling community of trillions of bacteria, archaea, fungi and viruses, containing at least 150 times more genes than the human genome. We are filled to the brim with microbes, which form microbiomes on our skin, in our mouths, lungs, eyes, and reproductive systems. These have co-evolved alongside us since the beginning of human history. But the gut’s is the largest and most significant for our short- and long-term health.
Find Out More About How Your Gut Microbiome Impacts Your Overall Health
Alterations in one specific type of gut bacteria, known as Lactobacillus, are also suspected to play a role in several human neurologic diseases such as anxiety, depression, autism, and Alzheimer’s disease. In 2020, scientists have improved their understanding of the therapeutic effects of diet mediated by the gut microbiome in both gastrointestinal conditions and systemic diseases. Different sources of evidence in humans have shown that peppermint oil, specific probiotics, psyllium supplementation and the low-FODMAP diet can aid in improving IBS symptoms. On the other hand, the inflammatory potential of diet has been linked to the risk of Crohn’s disease, a phenotype about which the gut microbiome might have a lot to say.
Benefits Of Body Polish Why You Need One
The prebiotic properties of these superfoods can nourish your health-promoting gut bacteria, who return the favour by transforming them into beneficial substances which support your microbiome health, thus making them superfoods. Researchers are working to harness the power of the microbiome in cancer treatments. With immunotherapy, your body’s immune system destroys cancer cells.
Healthy Gut, Healthy Mind? Pathways To Intervention
The gastrointestinal tract is sensitive to emotion and inflammation of the gut has been linked to causing several mental illnesses including anxiety and depression, which are so prevalent in society today. One study showed that 30% of people went into remission from severe depression after changing their diet, significantly higher than those receiving cognitive counselling. Scientists know that the trillions of bacteria and other microbes that live in our guts play an important role in health, influencing our risk of developing obesity, heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and a wide range of other conditions. But now a large new international study has found that the composition of these microorganisms, collectively known as our microbiomes, is largely shaped by what we eat.
The Worlds Most Advanced Gut Microbiome Test
One of the important things that probiotics do is they help break down food throughout the digestion process. They take dietary nutrients and convert them into metabolites, which play a role in the regulatory functions in the body. A large portion of the gut microbiome is found in what’s called the “cecumâ€, which is essentially a pocket in the large intestine. Likewise, a large portion of the microorganisms in the microbiome are bacteria.
But the link hasn’t been studied in humans, so David does not think that cheese-lovers are necessarily eating themselves sick. The gut microbiome is defined as the large collection of microscopic organisms that reside in the intestinal tract. In both humans and dogs, these microbes play an important role in health – assisting with metabolism, what are the effects of cbd gummies protecting against pathogens, and interacting with the immune system. There is increasing interest in the microbiome-gut-brain axis, a complex system of two-way communication between the gastrointestinal tract and neurologic system. In humans, there is a known association between epilepsy and Celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease.
Healthy digestion depends on the trillions of microbes that live in our gut microbiome. Your gut microbiome breaks down your food to absorb nutrients. When your digestive health is good, it’s a good sign you feel good too. This is because your gut microbiome is in control of many of the organs and processes in your body. Viome makes additional money by selling supplements, probiotics and prebiotics based on consumers’ test results.
Taking your time to prepare your food, planning meals and anticipating the enjoyment of a meal is a good habit to cultivate, as it will support your digestion and your gut system. Rest and Digest – The stomach has tostretch and relaxas it receives the bolus . An agitated mind before eating and grabbing a sandwich in a hurry or on the run, doesn’t allow the stomach to prepare for the food you are “gulping downâ€. The result will be half digested food, causing acid reflux, gas and constipation or diarrhea.
Other research has found a link between reduced alpha-diversity and worse physical and mental health, while low microbial diversity is also related to conditions like major depressive disorder. They looked for alpha-diversity — which is the “ecological richness†of microbial species within a person — and beta-diversity, which are the differences in the microbial community between people. Nguyen and her colleagues’ study, published in March in the journal Frontiers in Psychiatry, is the first to show loneliness and wisdom are related to gut microbial diversity and composition. Maintaining a healthy gut contributes to better overall health and immune function. For example, in one small study, people with obesity followed a strict vegetarian diet that eliminated all animal products, including meat, dairy, and eggs, for 1 month. Studies have demonstrated a significant difference between the gut microbiomes of vegetarians and those of people who eat meat.
The gut microbiota may influence the shape and function of the intestines in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. For example, it was found that microbe-free mice have a misshapen inner lining of the intestine and reduced lower digestive enzyme activity. The mammalian intestine has an inner lining with a wrinkled appearance composed of lumina that are regularly spaced and each cell in the lumen has hair-like projections called villi. The regular arrangement of the lumina and the villi maximize the absorption of nutrients by the intestine. However, microbe-free mice were found to contain thinner villi than normal and irregularly spaced lumina. These differences decrease the ability of the intestine to absorb nutrients .
Essentially, they are the fuel for the probiotics or good bacteria in the gut. Consuming prebiotics leads to specific changes in the composition and/or activity in the microbiota in the gut conferring health benefits on the host. Prebiotics include the oligosaccharides inulin, fructooligosaccharide or FOS, and galactooligosaccharide or GOS.
Research has demonstrated that effects on the gut from short-term changes in diet are rapid and transient, but over the long-term, diet composition continues to subtly alter gut composition throughout adulthood. Choosing many plant based, high fiber foods such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and legumes most of the time can help support a healthy gut. Diarrhea, increased intestinal inflammation and abdominal pain and cramping are just a few symptoms of dysbiosis.
How To Keep Your Microbiome In Great Shape
These include the metabolism of fiber, immune system support, and communication with the central nervous system via the gut-brain axis. These are foods that have been broken down by bacteria or yeast, promoting the growth of beneficial bacteria such as lactobacilli. Most foods are broken down and digested by human enzymes in the small intestine, but this isn’t the case for fiber . Analysis of cultures from nearby lymph nodes, liver, and spleen revealed the presence of a bacterium calledEnterococcus gallinarum. Gallinarum, the bacteria disrupted the gut barrier, moved into the lymph nodes and liver, and triggered an autoimmune response. But the problem with these observations is the old “chicken or egg” conundrum.
Also, there are significantly more pro-inflammatory cytokines in depressed people compared to non-depressed ones. This effect on the inflammatory system may stem from interactions with a dysfunctional gut microbiome in depressed individuals. The food we choose to eat can have consequential effects on the digestive system and the mood. Highly processed, salty, and sugary foods eaten in excess can wreak havoc on the beneficial bacteria in your gut. Processed foods break down into the stuff bad bacteria love to feast on.
Fecal microbiota transplants also constitute another approach for targeting the gut microbiome, but can potentially transmit COVID-19 and can transfer extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing gut bacteria in immunocompromised elderly patients. An unbalanced gut microbiome, referred to as dysbiosis, is common. Diets high in processed foods and sugar could contribute to impaired gut health. Leaky gut syndrome occurs when the lining of your digestive track becomes damaged. Too much bad bacteria and not enough good bacteria are a significant cause of this.
This is largely thought to be useful for fighting off bacteria and fungi, but it can also turn against the body and cause cancer in the colon. Using mice, Sears’ group is trying to understand exactly what the TH17 response does to cells in the colon to promote cancer development. People whose gut microbiomes had grown more unique with age were able to walk faster and had better overall mobility than peers who showed less GI microbe changes with age.
That is not to say, she warns, that “other aspects of weight gain should be put aside, but it could be a great additional helpâ€. Researchers coined the term “psychobiotics†to describe probiotic strains with the potential to impact psychological health. Several human clinical trials have shown that probiotic administration can reduce where can i buy cbd gummies in michigan stress, improve sleep quality, and improve memory. Specifically, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and Bifidobacterium longum have all improved scores of anxiety and/or depression in human clinical trials. However, not all probiotic clinical trials have been effective for mood disorders.
Studying the HMIs network can in several ways delineate the pathogenic mechanisms of pathogens and thereby help to increase useful and novel therapeutic pathways. For example, the potentially unique microbial effects that target the distinct host or interfere with the endogenous host interactions can be identified. In addition, the way mutations in essential proteins in the host and/or in the microbes can influence the interactions between them may be determined. Furthermore, HMIs help in identifying host cell regulatory modules. Background The composition of the infant gastrointestinal microbiome has been linked to adverse long-term health outcomes and neonatal sepsis.
For example, the gut and oral cavity are potential sources of pathogens affecting the lungs and must be considered holistically to inform prevention and treatment plans. The human gut microbiome is a large collection of symbiotic microbes totalling over a quadrillion cells and more than 100 bacterial species. The symbiotic relationship that we have with our microbiota provide us with a multitude of benefits for our metabolism, digestion, immune system, and dietary health. Prebiotics are non-digestible dietary fibers that increase the growth of specific organisms in the gut.
The symbiotic relationship between the immune system and gut microbiome. After birth, the immune system and gut microbiome develop, leading to a stable relationship which maintains the gastrointestinal barrier against pathogens. External factors can affect this relationship , leading to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome which contributes to the development of disease, including autoimmune disease, and can potentiate inflammation.
Chose organic foods when possible to reduce your exposure to toxins which can harm your microbiome. Prebiotics can be fermented by the intestines to grow healthy bacteria. Prebiotics are found naturally in foods like soybeans, legumes, and high fiber foods such as vegetables , unrefined wheat and barley, raw oats, and fruit . The gut microbiome in women with PCOS have been found to be different than those without the syndrome. Making changes to improve your microbiome can improve your PCOS and how you feel both physically and emotionally.
A central part of ZOE’s science has been an investigation of the microbiome and its links with an individual’s diet and metabolic health. Through the PREDICT studies, we have collected the world’s largest set of whole-metagenome sequenced gut microbiome data linked to in-depth metabolic responses and diet. This enables us to investigate how the gut microbiome, diet, and metabolic health are interlinked, to provide personalized advice on how to improve both gut microbiome and health. There may be other ways to change your gut microbiome and treat things tied to its balance. For example, fecal transplants change your gut bacteria to treat things likeC. A device called deep transcranial magnetic stimulation uses a coil put on the scalp to stimulate the brain and change gut bacteria.
The Role Of The Gut Microbiome In Overall Health
HEALTHYPROTEINWhole GrainsEat a variety of whole grains (like whole-wheat bread, whole-grain pasta, and brown rice). WHOLEGRAINSStay ActiveIncorporate physical activity into your daily routine. Microbiota stimulate the immune system, break down potentially toxic food compounds, and synthesize certain vitamins and amino acids, including the B vitamins and vitamin K. For example, the key enzymes needed to form vitamin B12 are only found in bacteria, not in plants and animals. Studies have shown that people living with dogs have more microbial diversity. Inflammatory bowel syndrome refers to the abnormal inflammation of the gut which occurs due to genetic and environmental risk factors.
Study Participants And Dietary Intervention
Beyond that, “I can’t give any specific recommendations, other than that should eat more fiber-rich, plant-based, whole foods and reduce their consumption of red meat. That’s well-supported.” The only thing that I can even think of as a possible cause would have been by some kind of neurochemical imbalance caused by my absolutely terrible eating habits – something disrupting the gut microbiome. Neuroscience News posts science research news from labs, universities, hospitals and news departments around the world. Science articles can cover neuroscience, psychology, AI, robotics, neurology, brain cancer, mental health, machine learning, autism, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, brain research, depression and other topics related to cognitive sciences. Better understanding the gastrointestinal microbiome may help psychiatrists treat mental health disorders such as depression, highlights a review in Frontiers in Psychiatry.
The information on this website has not been evaluated by the FDA and is not intended to diagnose, treat, prevent, or cure any disease. The food completely changes when heated and no one pays any attention to this. Tinny if you have noticed, there are no chronic diseases present in the natural animal world of the wilderness. For example, many people that think they are lactose intolerant have no problems with raw milk or no problems with A2 milk. In such cases, it is not actually the dairy, but the sourcing and/or processing.
This why we’ve gone from having over a few dozen types of lettuces to choose from to about three in most supermarkets – most commonly romaine, iceberg, and butter – if you’re lucky, there might be a bag with a mix of two or three varieties. This is by no means an exhaustive list, but it does make an important point – low microbial diversity can make you sick. If we were to compare bacterial richness to a group of people who we were organizing by occupation, richness would be all of the occupations present i.e. doctors, teachers, firefighters, and more. Diversity would be the number each of those people – 127 doctors, 81 teachers, and 62 firefighters, for example.
Probiotics, such as lactobacillus strains, strengthen the intestinal barrier, which may improve immune function. Antibiotic use is necessary and very helpful in many situations. However, when used, some of the beneficial bacteria in the gut get eliminated along with the targeted harmful bacteria.
Antibiotics are also damaging to the gut microbiota and immunity, with some research reporting that even 6 months after their use, the gut still lacks several species of beneficial bacteria. There is a fast growing collection of data describing the structure and functional capacity of the microbiome in a variety of conditions available to the research community for consideration and further exploration. Ongoing efforts to further characterize the functions of the microbiome and the mechanisms underlying host–microbe interactions will provide a better understanding of the role of the microbiome in health and disease. Yogurt is made by fermenting milk with different bacteria, which are left in the final product. Other bacteria-fermented foods, such as sauerkraut, kombucha and kimchi, are also good sources of probiotics. Prebiotics are found in many fruits and vegetables, especially those that contain complex carbohydrates, such as fiber and resistant starch.
While these factors contribute to the establishment of a healthy gut microbiota in early life, there are steps an individual can take to support their own gut health later in life. The importance of a healthy gut microbiome extends beyond the gut. Microbes may also play a role in many activities taking place outside the gut, such as brain-gut interactions, for example, influencing the host’s response to stress. Additionally, microbial products such as acetate, can travel across the intestinal and blood-brain barrier to interact with areas of the brain that help control appetite. First, the study showed that eating more unprocessed plant foods — fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and whole grains — allows the gut microbiome to thrive. Some animal foods, such as fish and eggs, are also favorable.
On the other hand, bacteria that produce more enzymes to breakdown starches or fiber quickly into sugars, for example, were linked with making people more resistant to weight loss. “Some people have a harder time losing weight than others,” study author Sean Gibbons, PhD, says. “For example, some people are able to control their weight through basic lifestyle interventions, while others may not.” Glyphosate decreases beneficial bacteria while assisting the growth of pathogens such as clostridial species. U.S. consumers, on the whole, likely ingest more of Monsanto/Bayer’s glyphosate-contaminated food and water than any other nation in the world. One likely reason is because the collective microbiome or gut health in the U.S. is so poor.
Our team includes licensed nutritionists and dietitians, certified health education specialists, as well as certified strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers and corrective exercise specialists. Our team aims to be not only thorough with its research, but also objective and unbiased. The information in our articles is NOT intended to replace a one-on-one relationship with a qualified health care professional and is not intended as medical advice.
Phase three is also meant to help you maintain the weight loss long term. Finally, you can also start eating most fruits and vegetables again, such as mangoes, melons, peaches, pears, sweet potatoes, and yams. It’s also claimed to offer other benefits, such as a faster metabolism and weight loss. Viome, founded in 2016, is Jain’s first life sciences venture. The company aims ultimately to develop products that might predict whether a patient will respond to a certain drug. “And better yet, that goal really will be to turn the non-responders into responders,†for instance by manipulation of the microbiome, said Jain.
The endocannabinoid system plays a central role in maintaining a balanced gut microbiome and also regulates vital gut functions. “Endocannabinoid receptors in the gut help to regulate and support homeostasis with functions such as motility , digestion, inflammatory response, and even immunological responses,†said Mitchell. Found in some foods, these are “good†bacteria like the ones already in your gut. They can add to the bacteria in your intestinal tract and help keep everything in balance.
It was successful but now, still not gaining and not feeling well yet. Germ theory and terrain theory, the former allied to the fear of covid, the latter posits if you clean and take care of the vessel any risk of covid is obfuscated. I have been having stomach issues since coming off two weeks CBD Isolate Gummies vs. Full Spectrum Gummies of antibiotics for a bacterial infection, which caused swelling of lymph nodes under both the arm pits. Although the antibiotics seem to completely take the swollen lymph nodes down, l have had daily bloating and an uncomfortable feeling of wind a month after stopping the antibiotics.
When it comes to losing weight, most diets focus on calorie reduction and exercise. While eating less and exercising more will usually result in weight-loss, Dr. Kellman says that if you get your microbiome healthy, you will lose weight. It’s all about correcting the overgrowth of unhealthy bacteria, which is making you crave the wrong foods and triggering inflammation. This makes sense because when you change your gut bacteria, you change how your body produces and metabolizes energy. Naturally fermented foods are getting a lot of attention from health experts these days because they may help strengthen your gut microbiome—the 100 trillion or so bacteria and microorganisms that live in your digestive tract.
Some fermented foods naturally contain beneficial bacteria and their metabolic products (I.e. acetic and lactic acid), which may impart health benefits to the consumer. Understanding which microbes live in your gut can help you understand what foods can help them thrive. The ZOE program identifies the best foods for you by analyzing your gut microbiome in combination with Does delta 8 make you sleepy? your blood sugar and fat responses. On the other hand, the scientists saw more beneficial, or “good,†microbes in the guts of volunteers who ate a diet that heavily featured plant-based and minimally processed foods. A typical Western diet — which is high in sugar, fats, and ultra-processed foods and low in fiber — can be detrimental to the microbial diversity in the gut.
It is well known that athletes tend to have more diverse microbiomes. There is something about regular exercise that helps the body to establish a more diverse microbiome (which is what we want !) So, get moving. The appendix is now thought to be an important reservoir of bacteria (we finally know it’s purpose).
However, the athletes also ate a different diet to the control group, which could account for the differences in their microbiomes. Some stress management techniques include meditation, deep breathing exercises, and progressive muscle relaxation. Animal studies have suggested that psychological stressors can disrupt the microorganisms in the intestines, even if the stress is only short-lived. There is limited casual parking available on campus—please allow plenty of time before your appointment to find parking. Where possible, we encourage you to consider alternative transport options or park in the Gold Coast Hospital Parking . If you have any special parking requirements, please discuss this when you make your booking.
Research is ongoing to see how changing the gut microbiome may help people with MS. Some changes promote greater health and diversity in our microbiome. Some factors, like genetics and environment, are out of your control. Our gut microbiome is established early on in life, but there are factors that affect it. Normally, the bacteria in our digestive tract do not enter the rest of our body.
Microbiome And Genes
Studies show that an anti-inflammatory lifestyle is protective over brain neurons, balances hormones, fights the formation of tumors and has mood-enhancing benefits. While you might not think that gut health impacts your mood and energy much, think again. Gut-friendly bacteria can help manage neurotransmitter activity, which makes them natural antidepressants and anti-anxiety organisms. Instead of taking anti-inflammatory medications to manage illnesses like arthritis or heart disease, we’re much better off reducing inflammation in the body. The microbiome is a lot like Earth’s ecosystems, meaning as its conditions change, so do the organisms that inhabit it. Microbes interact with one another within the community they live in , plus they change in concentration depending on their surroundings — which means your diet, lifestyle, use of medications/antibiotics and environment really impact your gut health.
For more information about how these components influence the gut microbiota, see the relevant appendix in the full white paper. In the PREDICT study, for the first time, we have been able to study the gut microbiome and diet at a scale and complexity that has not been possible before. In one 2019 preclinical mouse study, a combination of THC and CBD was found to promote healthy gut microbiota and high levels of certain short-chain fatty acids in the large intestine, which promote immune function and boost metabolism. These acids can also help maintain a healthy central nervous system and enhance communication between the brain and gut. The hope is that it may one day be possible to diagnose some brain diseases and mental health problems by analysing gut bacteria, and to treat them – or at least augment the effects of drug treatments – with specific bacteria.
Avoiding processed foods and sugar helps give the beneficial organisms time to flourish and diversify, and stops feeding the harmful bacteria. Your microbiome is made up of beneficial organisms and not so good ones. You need A LOT of good bacteria, but you also want those bacteria to be diverse in type and species. The more diversity your microbiome has, the more protected you are against immune dysfunction and allergies. Your microbiome is the organisms and bacteria that live in your digestive tract and lay the foundation for your health. There are trillions of microorganisms in your gut alone and an imbalance in these organisms can lead to huge health disturbances – weight gain, poor immune function, indigestion, and depression and anxiety.
You’ll Lose Weight
The pescatarian eating pattern, in which oily and white fish are the meats of choice, is also good for the microbiome. There is growing interest in the human body’s microbiome and its connection to chronic disease. A new study examines that connection, along with how the foods we eat influence the composition of our microbiome. Suskind is a gastroenterologist at Seattle Children’s Hospital and professor of pediatrics at the University of Washington. He also co-foundedNimbal Healthlast year to provide nutrition and lifestyle advice to people with inflammatory bowel disease, along with medical input and quarterly blood and stool tests to assess their condition.
Until recently, little was understood about how the digestive immune function worked. Together, probiotic microbiota and your body work to keep harmful bugs out. There’s a three-way balancing act between bacteria, the gut barrier, and immune system. The mouth is a part of your gut microbiome and home to your oral microbiome. Microbes, enzymes, and nutrients all pass through it on their way to your gut. The company offers a $354 test that requires a stool sample, a completed questionnaire, and then a blood sample after eating muffins designed to test blood fat and sugar levels.
The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the focus of research for scientists worldwide, probably making science nimbler once the crisis has passed. The coronavirus has also had implications for patient care that we are only just beginning to understand. While patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 typically present with a respiratory illness, certain individuals also report gastrointestinal symptoms that have been linked to changes in the gut microbiome. A prediction of fecal microbial metabolites based on gut microbiota species suggested that the MedDiet promoted short-chain fatty acid production while decreasing detrimental metabolites, including bile acids and cresols. But an increase in diversity on our supermarket shelves isn’t enough.